This booklet refers presidency of Adam, the election process, XYZ Affairs, acts, resolves, capitulates, and other various aspects.
1. AP United States History Unit 2 A New Nation
2. Election of 1796 Issues in the Young Nation • Federalists and Democratic- Republicans aren't speaking to each other. other End of the One-Party System http://www.james.com/beaumont/images/smith_melancton1.jpg
3. Election of 1796 The Potential Candidates • Jefferson was the only Democratic- Republican candidate. Thomas Jefferson
4. Election of 1796 The Potential Candidates • Hamilton would run for the Federalists, but constitutional issues and his financial reforms would lead to a loss for the Federalists. Alexander Hamilton http://imagecache2.allposters.com/images/pic/ BRGPOD/187255~Alexander-Hamilton-Posters.jpg
5. Election of 1796 The Potential Candidates • Thomas Pinckney was Hamilton's choice to run. Could control him. Thomas Pinckney
6. Election of 1796 The Potential Candidates • Final candidate was the Vice-President, John Adams, Adams who was also a Federalist, but more strong-minded. John Adams http://www.tamut.edu/academics/mperri/AmSoInHis/John-Adams.jpg
7. Election of 1796 Results in the Electoral College • Adams 71, 71 Jefferson 68, 68 and Pinckney 59. 59 – Adams takes Jefferson as Vice-President. – Does not trust Hamilton and Pinckney. 1796 Election Results http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/
8. XYZ Affair Origins • The "Quasi-War." Quasi-War – Revolutionary France attacks American shipping to influence the election and hurt Britain. Britain – Continue after Adams takes office. – France wants the American Vessels in the Quasi-War special privileges that http://www.themadpigeon.com/diary_of_the_mad_pigeon/images/2007/07/08/victor1.jpg Britain gained from Jay's Treaty to end.
9. XYZ Affair Origins • Adams sends three commissioners (John Marshall, Charles Pinckney, and Elridge Gerry) Gerry to negotiate a peace. John Marshall
10. XYZ Affair Talleyrand • French foreign minister. – Sends three agents (known as X, Y, and Z) Z to demand a huge bribe from the Americans before he would talk with them. Charles Maurice de Talleyrand http://www.lofaber.com/embargo/images/talleyrand.jpg
11. XYZ Affair Talleyrand • The American commissioners refuse and talks break up in April 1798. – American ships and French ships begin to attack each other. – Federalists want Congress to declare war to restore American honor. – "Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!" tribute – Adams and the commissioners become national heroes.
12. XYZ Affair Talleyrand American Political Cartoon on the XYZ Affair http://www.robinsonlibrary.com/america/unitedstates/1783/1789/1797/graphics/xyz.gif
13. XYZ Affair American Response • Congress ends the French alliance. alliance • Creation of a naval department. • Congress appropriates money to triple the size of the army and build 40 warships. warships • Washington comes out of retirement to lead the American forces. • American privateers attack French shipping.
14. The Alien & Sedition Acts • Aimed at keeping refugees from both sides of the French Revolution from having an influence on the American American Response to XYZ Affair government.
15. The Alien & Sedition Acts The Alien Acts • Naturalization Act Naturalization Act. – Increased the eligibility for citizenship from 5 to 14 years. years • Alien Enemies Act. – Gave the President the power to arrest or expel enemies in times of "declared war." • Alien Act. – President can expel all aliens deemed "dangerous The Alien Act to the peace and safety of http://www.historicaldocuments.com/AlienandSeditionActs1.jpg the United States." States
16. The Alien & Sedition Acts The Sedition Act • Made it a crime to "impede the operation of any law." – Illegal to publish or speak any "false, scandalous, and malicious" criticism of high A Fight in Congress government Over the Sedition Act officials. officials
17. The VA & KY Resolves Jefferson & Madison • Democratic- Republicans believe that the Alien and Sedition Acts violate the First Amendment and were an invasion of states' rights. rights James Madison http://www.ons.uconn.edu/images/james_madison.jpg4
18. The VA & KY Resolves Virginia & Kentucky Resolves • Drafted by Jefferson (Kentucky) and Madison (Virginia). • Stated the following. 1. The Constitution was a compact between sovereign states. 2. Each state had "an equal right to judge for itself" itself when the Constitution had been violated. violated 3. IMPORTANT: A state can declare a law of Congress unconstitutional. unconstitutional
19. The VA & KY Resolves Virginia & Kentucky Resolves • Immediate impact was little, with neither state doing anything substantial. – Would set a precedent for sectionalism and the states' rights debate later. – Threatened Federalist VA & KY Resolutions authority, who did nothing about it.
20. France Capitulates • Talleyrand does not want war with the United States. – Already struggling with no allies. – Does not want to add another enemy. – Will accept new Talleyrand and the Devil negotiators http://www.wlym.com/~animations/ceres/Images/talleyrand_devil.jpg without a bribe.
21. France Capitulates • Hamilton and Federalists still want war. – Will go to war with France, but if Spain is available, we'll take them. 1. Spain was weak. weak Federalist Leaders 2. Spain controlled detail-m.jpg Florida, New Orleans, and Louisiana. Louisiana 3. Spain cut off trade for the Mississippi. Mississippi
22. France Capitulates • Adams remains cool. – Sends ministers to France and Spain to negotiate treaties. – Infuriates some of the Federalists, who withdraw John Adams some support in http://www.u-s-history.com/images/john-adams.gif the next election. election
23. Merit Point Question 1 • The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions argued that the right to determine the constitutionality of a law passed by Congress rested in • A. Congress. • B. the states. • C. the President. • D. the Supreme Court. E. the vote of the common people.
24. Merit Point Question 2 • The XYZ Affair resulted in • A. the growth of pro-French sentiment in • the United States. • B. a formal alliance between Great Britain • and the United States. • C. an undeclared war between the United States and France. • D. embarrassment for President Adams. • E. a new alliance with France against Great Britain.
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