Viruses: A small collection of genetic code, either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein coat

This is an MCQ-based quiz for GRE on Viruses.

This includes The Flu, Chickenpox, Acute Bronchitis, HIV, and AIDS.

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What component is common for all viruses?

A protective envelope RNA DNA A protein coat

Which of the following best describes retroviral DNA that has been incorporated into a host genome?

Virion Endogenous retrovirus Retroelements Provirus Exogenous retrovirus

What molecule would you not expect to find in a retrovirus?

Adenine Uracil Guanine Thymine Cytosine

Which of the following statements describes a lysogenic infection?

The virus will inject its genome into the host cell through its tail The virus enters the cell, hijacks host reproductive machinery, and creates new viruses that will destroy the cell A lysogenic infection can only be done by DNA viruses The virus incorporates its nucleic acid into the host's genome

Which of the following is not a component of HIV?

RNA Reverse transcriptase Ribosomes Protein Proteases

What allows bacteriophages to only infect bacteria cells?

They carry out the lysogenic cycle They harbor mosaic genomes due to site-specific recombination or illegitimate recombination They carry out the lytic cycle They attach to lipopolysaccharide and teichoic acid surface receptors They are retroviruses

A lytic bacteriophage produces "substance X," which causes a host cell to lyse. At which point would the gene for substance X most likely be expressed?

Late after viral infection After all viruses are released Immediately after viral infection After integration into the host chromosome Prior to viral infection

Which of the following is the best description of a bacteriophage?

A prokaryote An obligate intracellular parasite A living organism A fungus A non-living organism

Sexually transmitted diseases are a common problem among young people in the United States. One of the more common diseases is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which leads to inflammation and purulent discharge in the male and female reproductive tracts.
The bacterium has a number of systems to evade host defenses. Upon infection, it uses pili to adhere to host epithelium. The bacterium also uses an enzyme, gonococcal sialyltransferase, to transfer a sialyic acid residue to a gonococcal surface lipooligosaccharide (LOS). A depiction of this can be seen in Figure 1. The sialyic acid residue mimics the protective capsule found on other bacterial species.
Once infection is established, Neisseria preferentially infects columnar epithelial cells in the female reproductive tract, and leads to a loss of cilia on these cells. Damage to the reproductive tract can result in pelvic inflammatory disease, which can complicate pregnancies later in the life of the woman.

Which of the following is true of Neisseria, but not true of a virus?

Neisseria does not have flagella; all viruses have flagella

Neisseria has ribosomes; viruses do not have ribosomes

Neisseria contains DNA; all viruses contain RNA

Neisseria infects only one cell type; viruses have wide variety in their cellular targets

Neisseria is enveloped; no viruses are enveloped

Which of the following is not a described type of virus?
I. A virus containing double strand DNA
II. A virus containing single strand DNA
III. A virus containing single strand RNA and single strand DNA
IV. A virus containing single strand RNA
V. A virus containing double strand RNA