The matter is anything made up of atoms and molecules anything that has mass and takes up space.
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2. o Matter is everything around you o Matter is anything made up of atoms and molecules o Anything that has mass and takes up space.
3. Atoms are pieces of matter You are made up of billions and billions of atoms Atoms are the building blocks You need atoms to build molecules Molecules are atoms bonded together
4. Matter Pure Mixtures Substances Homogeneous Heterogeneous Elements Compounds Mixtures Mixtures
5. ◦ Are also known as substances. ◦ Have a constant composition. • Examples: • H2O, O2 (no matter how they are prepared, they will always have this ratio of atoms)
6. Matter Pure Mixtures Substances Homogeneous Heterogeneous Elements Compounds Mixtures Mixtures
7. ◦ Elements contain only one single type of atom (found on the Periodic Table of Elements.) ◦ Simplest form of matter that has its own unique set of properties. ◦ Cannot be separated by physical or chemical changes. Monatomic Diatomic Element Element
8. Matter Pure Mixtures Substances Homogeneous Heterogeneous Elements Compounds Mixtures Mixtures
9. ◦ Two or more atoms that are CHEMICALLY combined. ◦ Have their own unique properties that can differ from the elements that make up that compound. ◦ Examples include: Sodium Chloride (Table Salt) Ammonia NH3 ◦ Can be separated by a chemical change.
10. Matter Pure Mixtures Substances Homogeneous Heterogeneous Elements Compounds Mixtures Mixtures
11. ◦ Two or more substances that are PHYSICALLY combined. (not bonded) ◦ Substances retain their own properties. ◦ Can be separated into components by physical changes. (ex: filtering) Particle Diagram of a Mixture
12. ◦ An uneven mixture of particles ◦ Have visible differences ◦ Examples include: Sand and Water Oil and Water Salt & Pepper ◦ Are easily separated by filtration.
13. ◦ Have no visible differences until you reach the atomic or molecular level. ◦ Also known as solutions ◦ Can be separated back into the pure substances ◦ Examples include: Air Salt water Tap Water Metal Alloys (brass, sterling silver, or steel)
14. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of particles so small they can not be seen with a microscope The particles will never settle out to the bottom Solutions stay mixed
15. Solvent Solute The Solvent is the The Solute is the part part of the solution of the solution that that does the gets dissolved dissolving When a solid dissolves When a solid dissolves into a liquid the solid into a liquid the liquid is the solute is the solvent In Salt water, the salt In salt water, the water is the solvent is the solute
16. o Homogeneous o medium-sized particles o particles don’t settle o EX: milk Colloid
17. o Heterogeneous o large particles o particles settle o EX:fresh-squeezed lemonade Yummy Lemonade or Orange Juice with Pulp
18. o Light will scatter or o Particles in solution DO bounce off of particles NOT pass the Tyndall that are large enough Test o The scattering of light o Colloids and particles in by colloidal particles is suspension DO Pass the the Tyndall Effect Tyndall test o The Tyndall test is used to distinguish between a colloid from a solution Do They or Don’t They Tyndall Effect pass the Tyndall Test???
19. Physical Properties Chemical Properties Color pH (Acid or Base) Size Reaction with oxygen Shape (flammability) Density Reaction with water Melting Point Reaction with metals Boiling Point Physical Properties can be Chemical Properties tell changed without changing you how a substance will the identity of the react and undergo a substances chemical change
20. Physical Changes Chemical Changes Physical changes change Chemical Changes are a physical property reactions that form one or more new substances The substance remains Three common types of the same substance changes are a change in color, the production of gas (fizzing) and a formation Example: Cutting a of a precipitate(solid sandwich in half separating from a liquid) Example: Rust on a bike chain
21. Change in color: What happens to a banana over time? That is a which causes the peel to turn colors What happens when you leave your bike out in the rain for a long time? That is a A change in color is one indicator that a chemical change has occurred and has produced at least one new substance
22. What happens when you add vinegar to baking soda? This is because the baking soda is undergoing a and producing a gas this is why is bubbles When you bake a cake, a takes place that causes the cake to rise because of carbon dioxide (gas)expanding
23. The Law of the Conservation of Mass is that ALL matter present before a chemical change EQUALS the mass of all the substances after the change This is similar to another law that you learned Which one?
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