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OBJECTIVE:
To differentiate functions using the power rule, constant rule, constant multiple rules, and sum and difference rules.
1.
The Power Rule
and other
Rules for Differentiation
Mr. Miehl
miehlm@tesd.net
2.
Rules for Differentiation
Taking the derivative by using the definition is a lot of work.
Perhaps there is an easy way to find the derivative.
3.
Objective
Todifferentiate functions using the
power rule, constant rule, constant
multiple rule, and sum and difference
rules.
4.
The Derivative is …
Used to find the “slope” of a function at a point.
Used to find the “slope of the tangent line” to
the graph of a function at a point.
Used to find the “instantaneous rate of change”
of a function at a point.
Computed by finding the limit of the difference
quotient as ∆x approaches 0. (Limit Definition)
5.
Notations for the
Derivative of a Function
f '( x) “f prime of x”
y' “y prime”
“the derivative of y with respect to x”
is a noun.
is a verb. “Take the derivative with respect to x…”
6.
Rules for Differentiation
Differentiation
is the process of
computing the derivative of a
function.
You may be asked to:
Differentiate.
Derive.
Find the derivative of…
7.
Video Clip from
The Power Rule
8.
Rules for Differentiation
Working with the definition of the
derivative is important because it
helps you really understand what the
derivative means.
9.
The Power Rule
d N
[ x ] Nx N 1 , N is any real number
d
[ x] 1
dx
10.
The Constant Rule
d
[c] 0, c is a constant
dx
The derivative of a constant function
is zero.
11.
The Constant Multiple Rule
d
[c f ( x) ] c f '( x) , c is a constant
dx
Thederivative of a constant times a
function is equal to the constant
times the derivative of the function.
12.
The Sum and Difference Rules
d
[ f ( x) g ( x)] f '( x) g '( x)
dx
The derivative of a sum is the sum of the derivatives.
d
[ f ( x) g ( x)] f '( x) g '( x)
dx
The derivative of a difference is the difference of the derivatives.
13.
Constant Rule
Find the derivative of:
f ( x) 7
f '( x) 0
y 3
dy
0 or y ' 0
dx
14.
Power Rule
Differentiate:
f ( x) x 3 g ( x) x100
2 99
f '( x) 3 x g '( x) 100 x
y x 9
dy 8
9 x
dx
15.
Constant Multiple Rule
Find the derivative of:
1
y 2 x 3
dy 2
2 1
3 x
3
dx
dy 2
2
dx 3 x 3
16.
Constant Multiple Rule
Find the derivative of:
4x2 4 2
f ( x) x
5 5
f '( x) 54 2x
8
f '( x) x
5
17.
Constant Multiple Rule
Find the derivative of:
7
g ( x) 5 x
6
g '( x) 35 x
18.
Rewriting Before Differentiating
Function Rewrite Differentiate Simplify
5 5 5 15
f ( x) 3 f ( x) x 3 f '( x ) ( 3 x 4 ) f '( x )
2x 2 2 2 x4
19.
Rewriting Before Differentiating
Function Rewrite Differentiate Simplify
7 7 2 7 14
g( x ) 2 g( x ) x g '( x ) (2 x ) g '( x ) x
3x 3 3 3
20.
Rewriting Before Differentiating
Function Rewrite Differentiate Simplify
1 1 12 1
h( x ) x h( x ) x 2 h '( x ) x h '( x ) 1
2 2x 2
21.
Rewriting Before Differentiating
Function Rewrite Differentiate Simplify
1
j( x ) 2
1 2x
3
1 2 53 1
j( x ) j '( x ) x j '( x ) 5
3
2 x 2
2 3 3x 3
1 23
j( x ) x
2
22.
Sum & Difference Rules
Differentiate:
f ( x) 5 x 2 7 x 6
f '( x) 10x 7
g ( x) 4 x 6 3 x 5 10 x 2 5 x 16
g '( x) 24x 5 15x 4 20x 5
23.
Conclusion
Notations for the derivative:
f '( x) dy
y'
dx
The derivative of a constant is zero.
To find the derivative of f (x) = xN
1. Pull a copy of the exponent out in
front of the term.
2. Subtract one from the exponent.
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