Understanding Musculoskeletal Structures

This is an MCQ-based quiz for GRE on the topic of Musculoskeletal Structures.

This includes your bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, and connective tissues.

Start Quiz

Which structure releases calcium ions prior to muscle contraction?

Sarcoplasmic reticulum T-tubule Myosin Sarcolemma

Which bone cell is responsible for resorbing bone matrix?

Osteogenic cell Osteoclast Osteocyte Osteoblast

Which of the following is true concerning all muscle types?

All muscle types are uninucleated All muscle fibers are composed of sarcomeres All muscle appears striated under a microscope Mitosis does not take place in muscle cells

Which of the following muscle types can be consciously controlled?

Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle Skeletal muscle All of these

What is a hydrostatic skeleton?

An organ such as the tongue in mammals, composed mainly of muscle but relying on the fact that water is nearly incompressible for motion A system of fluid-filled, rigid vessels which use water pressure to support organisms living in moist environments A specialized exoskeleton in marine organisms which is stiff yet flexible enough to allow an organism to survive underwater at high pressures A support system consisting of porous bones with the cavities filled with fluid in order to increase density A flexible support structure consisting of a coelom surrounded by muscles

Skeletal muscle fibers are made up of white and red fibers. White fibers are considered fast-twitch and red fibers are considered slow-twitch. Which of these statements INCORRECTLY describes a difference between white and red fibers?

White fibers utilize aerobic respiration more than red fibers White fibers have less myoglobin than red fibers White fibers fatigue more quickly than red fibers Red fibers have more mitochondria than white fibers

In muscle contraction, this ion is essential

Cl Ca K Na

Division of joints allowing ample movement between 2 or more specific heads of bones are grouped as

Diarthrosis

Tendons and tibia

Synarthroses

Ligaments and femur

This is an example of stretch reflex stimulated by passive muscle movement

Patellar reflex

Tendon reflex

Flexor reflex

Ipsilateral reflex