This booklet depicts the history of Greece, describes its city-states, classes, warriors, Athens, education, alphabet, and empires.
1. The Story of Ancient Greece Copy the notes as they appear.
2. Geography of Greece • Greece is a small country in Europe. • Greece is near the Mediterranean Sea. • The main part of Greece in on a peninsula. • A peninsula is a body of land surrounded by water on three sides. • The rest of Greece is made up of islands.
3. Greek City-States • Because Greece is made up of many islands, and has many tall mountains, the Greeks began to build city-states instead of one country. • A city-state is a city with its own laws, rulers, and money. • City-states were cities that acted like countries.
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5. Sparta • Sparta was a Greek city-state. • Sparta was very powerful and had its own army. • Sparta conquered other city-states to gain wealth and power. • There were three classes of people in Sparta. • Citizens, non-citizens, and slaves.
6. Sparta’s Classes • Only men born in Sparta were citizens. • Women were not allowed to become citizens, however, women were allowed to own land and businesses, which gave them more freedom than other Greek city-states. • The second class in Sparta was people who came from other city-states or other countries. They could own businesses but not become citizens. • The third class was slaves.
7. Sparta warriors • Learning to read and write in Sparta was not very important. • Training to become a good soldiers was important. • Young boys were taken from their parents and trained to be soldiers as well as good in sports such as running. • Girls were also trained to be good in sports.
8. Athens • Athens was another important Greek city- state. • The people of Athens wanted to rule themselves and not have a king or queen. • Athens became the world’s first democracy around 508 B.C. • A democracy is a government in which all citizens can vote and have equal say in what happens.
9. Democracy in Athens • Athens was a democracy because all citizens could vote, but only half the people in Athens were citizens. • Women, people born outside of Athens, and slaves could not vote.
10. Pericles • Pericles was the leader of creating democracy in Athens. • He had many buildings constructed. • Pericles had the Parthenon and the Acropolis built.
11. Parthenon and Acropolis
12. Education in Athens • Education was very important in Athens. • Boys went to school to learn to read and write. They also learned many sports. • Girls were not allowed to go to school or learn to play sports.
13. The Greek Alphabet • The Greeks borrowed their alphabet from the Phoenicians. • Most European languages, including English borrowed ideas from the Greek alphabet.
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15. Socrates • Socrates was a philosopher of Ancient Greece. • A philosopher is someone who tries to explain the nature of life. • Socrates taught by by asking questions. This method of questioning is still called the Socratic method.
16. Plato • Plato was a student of Socrates. • He started a school called The Academy. • Plato’s writing took the form of a dialogue between teacher and student.
17. Aristotle • Aristotle was another Greek philosopher and student of Plato. • He wrote about science, art, law, poetry, and government.
18. Alexander the Great • Alexander the Great was the son of King Phillip II of Macedonia. • Alexander conquered Persia, Egypt, the Middle East and Northern India. • He died at age 33 from malaria.
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