Visibility, Accessibility, and Information Hiding

Component properties are documented in text Operation specifications, which elaborate operation responsibilities and state operation interfaces All of the mentioned None of the mentioned A program entity is anything in a program that is treated as a unit Variables, constants, sub-programs, packages, classes, attributes and operations are all examples of program entities Most programming languages allow various kinds of program entities All of the mentioned A name is an identifier bound to a program entity Virtually every programming language will not supports variable and sub-programming It is not be possible to refer to a particular entity by name at various points of a program’s text None of the mentioned A program entity at a point in a program text if it can be referred to by name at that point The portion of a text over which a program entity is visible All of the mentioned None of the mentioned Private and Package Protected Public All of the mentioned Private Protected and Packaged Public Public, Protected and Packaged A program entity at a point in a program text if it can be used at that point A variable is a programming language device for storing values All of the mentioned None of the mentioned It is an expression that evaluates to an address where a value is stored It is a variable with the same address as another variable All of the mentioned None of the mentioned Passing a reference as an argument Passing an argument by reference (which uses aliasing) Returning a reference from a sub-program All of the mentioned The key technique for is to restrict access to program entities as much as possible It is an expression that evaluates to an address where a value is stored All of the mentioned None of the mentioned Limiting Visibility Not Extending Access All of the mentioned None of the mentioned Restrict the scope of declarations to the smallest possible program segment Make class attributes at least protected and preferably private Avoid global visibility All of the mentioned Don’t pass or return references to class attributes—pass or return defensive copies instead. Don’t pass parameters by reference Don’t make aliases All of the mentioned Design Resolution Design Selection Design Finalization None of the mentioned

Program component decomposition and component relationships are shown in static models, such as class diagrams

Packaging and implementation specifications, particularly as they relate to information hiding

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