The Solid State

n-type p-type Frenkel defect Schottky defect 12 4 8 10 1 2 3 4 a = b = c, α = ß = γ ≠ 90° a = b ≠ c, α = ß = γ = 90° a ≠ b ≠ c, α = ß = γ = 90° a = b ≠ c, α = ß = 90°, γ = 120°

BCC

FEE

Simple cubic

End centred cubic

10 g cm-3 14.2 g cm-3 6.15 g cm-3 9.3 2 g cm-3 110 pm 220 pm 285 pm 144 pm 2 1 4 6 564 pm 282 pm 234 pm 538 pm 4 8 6 12 zinc ions occupy half of the tetrahedral sites each Zn2- ion is surrounded by six sulphide ions each S2- ion is surrounded by six Zn2+ ions it has fee structure four Ba2+ ions and four Cl– ions four Ba2- ions and eight Cl– ions eight Ba² ions and four Cl– ions four Ba² ions and six Cl– ions

High temperature

High pressure

High temperature and high pressure

Low temperature and low pressure

All octahedral and tetrahedral sites are occupied

Only octahedral sites are occupied

Only tetrahedral sites are occupied

Neither octahedral nor tetrahedral sites are occupied

Mercury Carbon dioxide (dry ice) Ice NaCl Quartz Quartz glass Graphite Salt (NaCl)

Heterogeneous, Anisotropic

Homogeneous, Anisotropic

Heterogeneous, Isotropic

Homogeneous, Isotropic

Diamond

Graphite

Glass

Common Salt