This pdf teaches that temperature is a physical parameter that indicates how hot or cold something is. There are mainly three types of Temperature Scales: Celsius Scale, Fahrenheit Scale, and Kelvin Scale. You will learn how temperature is measured with these scales and mathematical notations of measurement.
1. Temperature
Notes
• Kelvin,
Celsius,
Fahrenheit
• Write
notes,
put
in
por7olio.
• Everything
Underlined
–
COPY
IT!
• Study.
Read
over
notes
daily.
• Enjoy
the
learning
process.
2. •Temperature
is
how
hot
or
cold
something
is.
Temperature
is
really
a
measure
of
how
fast
the
atoms
and
molecules
that
make
up
a
substance
are
moving
(this
movement
is
sub-‐microscopic;
you
cannot
see
it).
•A
thermometer
measures
the
temperature
of
something,
showing
how
hot
or
cold
it
is.
•There
are
many
different
types
of
thermometers
that
measure
the
temperature
of
different
things.
We
use
thermometers
to
measure
the
temperature
of
the
air,
our
bodies,
food,
and
many
other
things.
There
are
analog
and
digital
thermometers.
An
analog
thermometer
shows
the
temperature
on
a
scale
or
dial;
a
digital
thermometer
shows
the
temperature
as
a
number.
•The
higher
the
number
above
zero,
the
higher
the
temperature.
3. Copy
this
table
down
in
your
notes.
• Temperature
is
measured
in
many
different
scales,
including
Fahrenheit,
Celsius
(or
CenDgrade),
and
Kelvin
scales.
4. • The
units
of
the
Celsius
and
Fahrenheit
scales
are
called
degrees.
The
symbol
for
degree
is
°.
• The
units
of
the
Kelvin
scale
are
called
Kelvins.
5. • A
change
of
one
degree
of
temperature
Celsius
is
the
same
as
a
change
of
one
Kelvin.
• A
change
of
one
degree
Fahrenheit
is
a
smaller
change
in
temperature.
• Each
temperature
scale
is
useful
for
different
things.
6. • Fahrenheit
is
a
measure
of
temperature
that
is
abbreviated
F.
• Water
freezes
at
32°F
and
boils
at
212°F.
• This
scale
was
developed
by
Gabriel
Daniel
Fahrenheit
in
1714.
• The
Fahrenheit
scale
is
used
in
the
USA
but
not
in
many
other
countries.
•
The
degrees
in
Fahrenheit
are
smaller
than
those
in
Celsius,
making
weather-‐related
temperatures
more
easily
wriSen
(without
having
to
use
a
decimal
point).
7. • Celsius
(also
called
CenTgrade)
is
a
measure
of
temperature
that
is
abbreviated
C.
• Water
freezes
at
0°C
and
boils
at
100°C.
• This
scale
was
developed
by
Anders
Celsius
in
1742.
8. • Kelvin
is
a
measure
of
temperature
that
is
abbreviated
K.
• Kelvin
is
a
temperature
scale
designed
so
that
0
(zero)
K
is
defined
as
absolute
zero,
and
the
size
of
one
unit
is
the
same
as
the
size
of
one
degree
Celsius.
• (Absolute
zero
is
a
hypotheTcal
temperature
at
which
all
molecular
movement
stops).
9. • All
actual
temperatures
are
above
absolute
zero.
•
Absolute
zero
would
occur
at
-‐273.16°C,
-‐459.69°F,
or
0
(zero)
K.]
• Water
freezes
at
273.16K;
water
boils
at
373.16K.
• Many
scienTsts
use
this
scale
(because
all
the
temperatures
are
posiTve,
making
calculaTons
simpler)
or
the
Celsius
scale.
• This
temperature
scale
was
designed
by
Lord
Kelvin
(William
Thomson).
10. Conversion
Formulas
If
you
know
the
temperature
in
one
temperature
scale
you
can
use
a
formula
to
figure
out
what
it
is
equivalent
to
in
other
scales.
The
conversion
formulas
are
in
the
table
that
follows.
COPY
THIS
CONVERSION
FORMULA
CHART
IN
YOUR
NOTES
11. Temperature
Conversion
Formulas:
COPY
THIS
CONVERSION
FORMULA
CHART
IN
YOUR
NOTES
12. Examples:
• This
example
problem
illustrates
the
method
to
convert
temperatures
from
Celsius
to
Fahrenheit.
• Problem:
What
is
the
temperature
in
Fahrenheit
of
20
°C?
• SoluTon:
• The
conversion
formula
for
°C
to
°F
is
• TF
=
9/5(TC)
+
32
• TF
=
9/5(20)
+
32
• TF
=
36
+
32
• TF
=
68
°F
• Answer:
The
temperature
in
Fahrenheit
of
20
°C
is
68
°F.
COPY
THIS
INFORMATION
IN
YOUR
NOTES
13. Examples:
• Here
is
an
example
problem
that
explains
how
to
convert
a
temperature
from
degrees
on
the
Celsius
scale
to
Kelvin.
• Celsius
to
Kelvin
Problem
#1
• Convert
27°
C
to
Kelvin.
• Celsius
to
Kelvin
SoluTon
#1
• K
=
°C
+
273
• K
=
27
+
273
• K
=
300
• 300
K
• Note
that
the
answer
is
300
K.
Kelvin
is
not
expressed
in
degrees.
COPY
THIS
INFORMATION
IN
YOUR
NOTES
14. Examples:
• Celsius
to
Kelvin
Problem
#2
• Convert
77°
C
to
Kelvin.
• Celsius
to
Kelvin
• SoluTon
#2
• K
=
°C
+
273
• K
=
77
+
273
• K
=
350
• 350
K
COPY
THIS
INFORMATION
IN
YOUR
NOTES
15. Temperature
Unit
Conversion
Problem
Worked
Problem
ConverTng
from
Fahrenheit
to
Celsius
and
Kelvin
• Problem:
Express
normal
body
temperature,
98.6°F,
in
°C
and
K.
• SoluTon:
The
Fahrenheit
to
Celsius
conversion
equaTon
may
be
expressed
in
this
form:
• F°
=
=
1.8(°C)
+
32
• Enter
98.6
for
the
F°
• 98.6
=
1.8(°C)
+
32
• 1.8(°C)
=
98.6
–
32
• 1.8(°C)
=
66.6
• °C
=
66.6/1.8°C
=
37.0
• To
solve
for
Kelvin:
• K
=
°C
+273K
=
37.0
+
273
• K
=
310
• Answer:
98.6
°F
is
equal
to
37.0°C
and
310
K
COPY
THIS
INFORMATION
IN
YOUR
NOTES
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