This booklet depicts the knowledge of invisible lines of earth that are known as Latitude and longitude. It helps the students to learn their usage and other important aspects.
1. Invisible Lines of the Earth Lines of Longitude and Latitude
2. How is it possible to find the exact location of a place on Earth? Latitude and Longitude Invisible lines of latitude and longitude form a grid over the Earth. These lines help to create a co-ordinate to locate a place accurately. Line of Latitude Line of Longitude
3. Using Latitude and Longitude to Locate Places • Satellite Navigation systems, or ‘Sat Navs’ as they are sometimes called, allow you to input latitude and longitude co-ordinates instead of an address. • These co-ordinates will get you to your destination just as easily. Photo courtesy of silvia-elisa (@flickr.com) granted under creative commons licence - attribution
4. Latitude North Pole Lines of latitude (also known as parallels) circle the Earth from 70° 80° 90° 80° 70° east to west. 60° 60° 50° 50° These invisible lines are all the 40° 40° same distance apart. One line to 30° 30° the next is known as 1 degree. 20° 20° 10° 10° •Each degree of latitude is 0° Equator 0° separated into smaller divisions 10° 10° called minutes. 20° 20° •There are 60 minutes in 1 degree. 30° 30° •Each minute is divided into 60 40° 40° seconds (not always included 50° 50° within the co-ordinate). 60° 70° 70° 60° •As you can see from the diagram, 80° 90° 80° the Equator lies at 0 degrees. South Pole The Equator is an important line of latitude. It is an imaginary line half way between the North and South Poles. Countries near to the Equator are very hot as this is the Earth’s closest point to the Sun.
5. Other Tropic of Cancer Important Lines of Latitude The Tropic of Cancer lies at 23.5 degrees north and the Tropic of the Capricorn lies at tropics 23.5 degrees south of the Equator. The area of the Earth which lies between both of these lines is Tropic of Equator called the tropics.
6. Other Important Arctic Circle Lines of Latitude The Arctic Circle lies at 66.5 degrees north whilst the Antarctic Circle likes at 66.5 degrees south. The areas in blue and orange are those which have 4 distinct seasons. Antarctic Circle
7. North Pole Northern Hemisphere Imagine the North Earth cut in America half... Equator The Northern Hemisphere is anywhere north of the Equator whilst South the Southern America Hemisphere is anywhere south of Antarctic Circle the Equator. Hemisphere South Pole
8. Longitude • These are the lines which run north and south and are North Pole known as lines of longitude or meridians of longitude. These lines are measured in the same way as the lines of latitude. • Lines of longitude are not equal distances (equidistant) from each other. • The Prime Meridian or Greenwich Meridian line is a line of longitude at 0 Equator degrees. • It passes right through Greenwich in London. South Pole
9. How do we use this information to locate a place? • We use numbers and letters to create a co-ordinate. • Within the co-ordinate, the ° stands for degrees and the ‘ stands for minutes. • The letters relate to north, south, east or west and are shown as capitals. • The latitude is always given first. • To locate Florida, USA using this principle we would say it has the following co-ordinates: 28°00'N 82°00'W. Other cities: • Edinburgh - 55° 57 ' N 03° 17' W • Canberra - 35° 15' S 149° 8' E • Yamoussoukro - 6° 49' N 5° 17' W • Madrid - 40°25'N 03°45'W Look at the map on the next slide and see if you can find these places!
10. The World
11. The World Answers Edinburgh Madrid Yamoussoukro Canberra
12. Use the word bank at the bottom to help structure your answer. THE WORDS ARE NOT IN THE RIGHT ORDER AND YOU DON’T NEED TO USE ALL OF THEM! “Describe what the lines of latitude and longitude are” - What the lines are - Which one is which - What the lines are used for measure | divide | East and West | North and South | imaginary | position | location | latitude | longitude | around | over | maps | globe | angular
13. “Describe what the lines of latitude and longitude are” “Lines of latitude and longitude are imaginary lines that you see on maps. They divide the world up so you can give an exact location. Latitude lines run from East to West (like the equator), and tell you how far North and South you are, but longitude lines go from North to South (like the Greenwich Meridian) and tell you how far East or West you are. They measure the angular position in
14. Glue in your maps or complete the task on the Use your maps and the maps to find out where the latitude and longitude coordinates are pointing to. Mark on your maps the coordinates and the name of the countries United Kingdom 50ºN 0ºW United States of America 40ºN 100ºW Australia 30ºS 150ºE Brazil 10ºS 60ºW India 20ºN 80ºE South Africa 30ºS 25ºE
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