Verbal Reasoning: Inference Critical Reasoning

This is an MCQ quiz for GMAT, which includes questions on verbal reasoning (Inference Critical Reasoning).

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The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) recommends a specific daily intake for vitamin C, as greatly exceeding that amount is dangerous. Many vitamin-fortified foods contain 100% of this recommended daily intake for vitamin C in one serving, an amount defined on the package by the manufacturer. However, most consumers overestimate the amount of one serving for these foods, ingesting two to four times what is considered one serving by the manufacturer. Which of the following is most supported by the information above?

Some people eating vitamin-fortified foods exceed the daily intake for vitamin C that is recommended by the National Academy of Sciences. Any person eating vitamin-fortified foods will receive the daily intake for vitamin C that is recommended by the National Academy of Sciences. People should avoid taking supplemental vitamin C if they are eating vitamin-fortified foods. Most people eating vitamin-fortified foods are consuming dangerous amounts of vitamin C. Manufacturers need to change the amount listed as one serving on the packaging for vitamin-fortified foods.

Fretter Appliances sold more refrigerators in 2015 than in any previous year, and most of the refrigerators it sold that year were purchased by residents of Oakland County. However, most refrigerators purchased by residents of Oakland County in 2015 were not purchased from Fretter Appliances. Which of the following conclusions can be logically drawn from the statements above?

Fretter Appliances sold more refrigerators to residents of Oakland County in 2015 than it did in any previous year. At least some residents of Oakland County purchased refrigerators from stores not located within Oakland County in 2015. Residents of Oakland County purchased more refrigerators in 2015 than in any previous year. At least one store in Oakland County sold more refrigerators in 2015 than Fretter Appliances did. In 2015, more refrigerators were purchased by residents of Oakland County than were sold by Fretter Appliances.

When the defendant in a trial chooses not testify, the jury is not supposed to view this as evidence of the defendant’s guilt or innocence. Rather, the jury should base its decision on the evidence that is presented throughout the trial. Nevertheless, jurors will often take the failure of a defendant to testify as evidence of that defendant’s guilt. Which of the following conclusions can most properly be drawn from the information above?

A defendant would sometimes be better served by testifying at trial rather than by choosing not to testify. The fact that a defendant refuses to testify is sometimes unfairly considered by a jury as evidence of guilt. Most defendants who refuse to testify in their trials are, in fact, guilty. Some jurors refuse to take a defendant’s refusal to testify into consideration when deciding guilt or innocence. The rules should be modified to require defendants to testify regardless of their guilt or innocence.

Most pain relievers come with warnings against continuous use longer than 7 consecutive days. While some people might be able to safely use a particular pain reliever for a longer period of time, many people will begin to experience side effects if the warnings are ignored. The information above most strongly supports which of the following?

Anyone who wants to maximize their natural health and well-being should avoid pain relievers entirely. A physician should not advise any patient to take any pain reliever for a period of longer than 7 consecutive days. Any side effects experienced by a patient who has taken a pain reliever for fewer than 7 consecutive days cannot be the result of the pain reliever. People who are sensitive to one type of pain reliever should not attempt to use a different pain reliever. At least some people who take pain relievers for longer than 7 days will experience side effects.

The continual use of chemical sprays in an effort to rid a house of insects has two unintended results that are particularly dangerous. First, chemical sprays often kill spiders, which are natural predators of most other insects found in the house. Second, chemical sprays often give rise to insects that are largely resistant to the sprays, since those insects that survive a particular spray will be the ones that are most resistant to the spray and will most prolifically breed spray-resistant offspring. From the passage above, it can be inferred that the usefulness of chemical sprays can be improved by doing which of the following, assuming each is realistically possible?

Using only sprays that are more chemically stable Spraying only a portion of the house at a time Alternating the use of a variety of chemical sprays used Increasing the amount that is sprayed Planting trees outside of the house to attract certain insects that typically are resistant to chemical sprays

About one-quarter of "Top 50" business schools in the United States have acceptance rates of over 30 percent. Because of the higher acceptance rate, students admitted to these programs tend to have GMAT scores under 650, undergraduate grade point averages below 3.4, and work experience of less than four years. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage above?

Most students whose GMAT scores are below 650 tend to have undergraduate grade point averages under 3.4. It is possible for a business school whose accepted students have average GMAT scores under 650 to be 'Top 50'. Work experience is not the most important criterion for admission to a 'Top 50' business school. 'Top 50' business schools tend to accept students with undergraduate grade point averages under 3.4. Accepting over 30 percent of applicants can help a business school move into the 'Top 50'.

The price of health insurance as a percentage of an individual’s overall monthly income does not necessarily indicate quality of care. If it did, individuals who spent a greater percentage of their income on health insurance would receive better quality of care, or vice versa. If the statements above are all true, which of the following can be properly inferred on the basis of them?

Looking at the dollar amount spent on health insurance rather than the percentage would show a correlation between amount of money spent and quality of care. If individuals receiving free or reduced cost health insurance from the government were removed from the sample, there would be a strong correlation between cost and quality of care. Reducing an individual’s spending on health insurance as a percent of their income will not necessarily lead to lower quality of care. It is probable that individuals who spend more on health insurance in fact get a lower quality of care than do those who spend less on health care. Individuals who spend the greatest percentage of their income on health insurance never receive high quality of care from medical providers.

Quiz/Test Summary

Title: Verbal Reasoning: Inference Critical Reasoning

Questions: 7

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