Cascades and Hybrid Systems

They are the one step separation processes They are the last part of separation processes They are an aggregation of stages They are the starting part of every separation process To accomplish separation that cannot be attained in one step To increase the purity of products To reduce the amount of mass or energy separating agents required To make the efficient use of raw materials Crystallization Distillation Stripping Liquid-liquid extraction Distillation and pervaporation Cascades Multistage process Hybrid systems Cross-current cascade Linear Counter current cascade Linear concurrent cascade Single section cascade Cross-current cascade Linear Counter current cascade Linear concurrent cascade Two dimensional diamond configuration Single section cascades Two section countercurrent cascades Interlinked system of countercurrent cascades Three section cascades Two section countercurrent cascade Cross current cascade Two-dimensional diamond configuration Interlinked system of countercurrent cascades Single section countercurrent Cross current cascade Two dimensional diamond configuration Interlinked system of countercurrent cascades Single section countercurrent cascades Crosscurrent cascades Interlinked system of countercurrent cascades Two dimensional diamond configuration 1 2.5 1.5 4 1 2 3 4 1.97 2.33 3.07 3.83 50kg/hr 600kg/hr 666.66kg/hr 60kg/hr 13.33 166.66 16.66 133.33